Ukukhuphuka kwamakhemikhali ngekhulu le-XNUMXe ikhulu leminyaka liguqule kakhulu amakha namasu alo okukhiqiza. I-synthesis inike amandla ngokuphawulekayo abenzi bamakha ukuthola izinto eziningi zokusetshenziswa ezingekho esimweni sabo semvelo. Futhi, selokhu kwaphela iXIXe Ikhulu leminyaka, i-chemistry idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni amakha. Izinhlanganisela ezithile zemvelo ezibiza kakhulu noma okunzima kakhulu ukuzithola (lokhu kunjalo ngokwesibonelo sezitshalo nezilwane) kuthathelwe indawo imikhiqizo yokwenziwa engabizi futhi engcolisayo.
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwenza ukuthi amakha angabi ngumkhiqizo ongabizi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuvela kwezindlu ezintsha (iGuerlain ngo-1828, iPiguet, iCoty) ngasikhathi sinye.
Cishe ngonyaka we-1830, eFrance, osokhemisi (hhayi abenzi bamakha) bakha amasu okokuqala ngqa evumela ukuhlanganiswa kwama-molecule anephunga. Kulezi zinsuku, lezi ama-molecule okwenziwa amele ama-98% azo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwenzeni amakha.
Leli phesenti lichazwa ukuthi i-synthesis imele izinzuzo eziningi. Okokuqala, amanye amaphunga afana nomnduze wesigodi noma i-lilac awakaze akwazi ukukhishwa yize iphunga abalikhiphile belingaphezu kokuthembisa. Manje, ngenxa yenqubekela phambili emkhakheni we-organic chemistry, ukuhlanganiswa kwawo kungenzeka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindleko zokwenziwa kwezitshalo zezitshalo, ubuningi bezimbali kanye nobunzima bokuphakela obuxhumene nezimo zezulu noma zezomnotho kuholele ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kwama-molecule okwenziwa.
Amakha okwenziwa anezinzuzo kwezomnotho (kusukela ngaphambi kwamakha ango-1900 amakha ayetholakala kuphela kwabaphezulu). Kepha ngaphezu kokukopisha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwama-molecule akhona emvelweni, kucebisa uhla lwabenzi bamakha ngamakha amasha ngokuphelele futhi imvamisa ingumthombo wempumelelo kwezentengiselwano. Empeleni, esikhathini esidlule, abadali bamakha babenamaphunga ahlukene angama-300 kuphela, kanti namuhla banabangaphezu kuka-4 ababhala amakha abo futhi leli nani landa njalo.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubuyisela imizimba entweni etholakele ama-petrochemicals (utshwala, i-benzene, i-asidi, njll.) njengokuphendula kokuqinisekisa okuhambelana nokusebenza kwe-asidi otshwaleni. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesinye isikhathi kudinga uchungechunge oluphelele lokuphendula kwamakhemikhali (esterification, cyclization: making a linear molecule cyclic, hydrogenation, etc.). Izinyathelo ezengeziwe zikhona, umkhiqizo wokugcina uzobiza kakhulu.
2. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zemvelo :
Ukubuya kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zemvelo.
Kusukela ngama-1970s eYurophu nangaphambi kwalokho e-United States, ukunyakaza okuhlukahlukene kugqamisa i- izingozi ezethulwe ngu l 'ukwenziwa imvelo ekhulayo kanye nesabelo samakhemikhali nemikhiqizo yokwenziwa kwezolimo, ukudla nemikhiqizo yezimonyo. Ngemuva kwesigaba sokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yokwenziwa (eminye yayo ithathe isikhundla sezitshalo noma zezilwane ezingandile), imboni yamakha nabathengi babonakala beziqinisa ngokwabo ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto zemvelo zokwenziwa kwamakha.
Le nhlangano ihambisana nemikhuba engaphezu kweyodwa à sesha imikhiqizo enelebula yemvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo, ngokukhathazeka ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye / noma ukwesaba imiphumela eyingozi yamakhemikhali kanye nama-syntheses (zomdlavuza, inzalo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine…), Noma ngokuvamile isifiso sobuqiniso. Lokhu kuphusha izindlu zamakha ukuze zenze imikhiqizo yazo ngezinto zemvelo nezangempela zezimbali, izitshalo, izinkuni… ngakho-ke, kwazalwa umndeni omusha onamakha: amakha aphilayo nemvelo. Imvelaphi yemvelo eyi-100%, namuhla bayinkambu entsha yendalo entsha enephunga elimsulwa nelisha. Ikusasa lamafutha amakha libonakala liphendukele kwimvelo ethe xaxa.
I-LITHOTHERAPY KANYE NE-FORGRANCE DIFFUSER PENDANTS Anuja Aromatics
Amakha ÉLIXIR DES CIEUX nezimbali zayo, iphunga elimnandi,